People and contact info Links |
MWF, 9-10 am http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/Ben/gs351/gs351.htm latest update: Tuesday April 12, 2005 10:25 AM |
Ben A. van der Pluijm, 4534b CC Little Building; vdpluijm@umich.edu; office hours: by appointment
Josep M. Pares, 4506 CC Little Building; jmpares@umich.edu; office hours: by appointment
GSI: Sam Haines, 4534f CC Little Building; email; office hours: TBDCourseTools website: https://ctools.umich.edu
You should consider ordering course texts from the internet, which can offer considerable savings. Use this link to see prices for ES2 and this link for SA&S2.
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EarthStructure: An Introduction to Structural Geology and Tectonics
(2nd edition) by Ben A. van der Pluijm and Stephen Marshak. WW Norton, 656 p., 2004; 0-393-92467-X |
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Laboratory text:
Structural Analysis and Synthesis (2nd ed) by Stephen Rowland and Ernest Duebendorfer. Blackwell, 279 p., 1994. |
2005 Class Schedule (MWF, 9-10 am, 2520 CCL)
Topic | Reading | Lab# | Instr | |||
1 | 5-Jan | wed | Introduction and Primary structures | (1, 2) | 1 | vdP |
2 | 7-Jan | fri | Joints, Veins I | 7, 8, 10 | 1 | vdP |
3 | 10-Jan | mon | Faults I | 7, 8, 10 | vdP | |
4 | 12-Jan | wed | Faults II | 7, 8, 10 | 2 | vdP |
5 | 14-Jan | fri | Folds I | 7, 8, 10 | 2 | vdP |
17-Jan | mon | No class (Martin Luther King Day) | ||||
6 | 19-Jan | wed | Folds II | 7, 8, 10 | 3 | vdP |
7 | 21-Jan | fri | Foliations and Lineations I | 7, 8, 10 | 3 | vdP |
8 | 24-Jan | mon | Foliations and Lineations II | 11 | vdP | |
9 | 26-Jan | wed | Force and stress I | 3 | 4 | vdP |
10 | 28-Jan | fri | Force and stress II | 3 | 4 | vdP |
31-Jan | mon | Exam 1 (20% of final grade) | ||||
11 | 2-Feb | wed | Force and stress III | 3 | 5 | vdP |
12 | 4-Feb | fri | Deformation I | 4 | 5 | vdP |
13 | 7-Feb | mon | Deformation II | 4 | vdP | |
14 | 9-Feb | wed | Deformation III + Term paper topic due | 4 | 6 | vdP |
15 | 11-Feb | fri | Rheology I | 5 | 6 | vdP |
16 | 14-Feb | mon | Rheology II | 5 | vdP | |
17 | 16-Feb | wed | Rheology III | 5 | 7 | vdP |
18 | 18-Feb | fri | Mechanics I | 6 | 7 | JP |
19 | 21-Feb | mon | Mechanics II | 6 | JP | |
20 | 23-Feb | wed | Mechanics III | 6 | 8 | JP |
21 | 25-Feb | fri | Ductile behavior I | 9 | 8 | JP |
SPRING BREAK | ||||||
22 | 7-Mar | mon | Ductile behavior II | 9 | JP | |
23 | 9-Mar | wed | Deformation regimes I | 9 | 9 | JP |
24 | 11-Mar | fri | Deformation regimes II | 9 | 9 | JP |
25 | 14-Mar | mon | Fabrics, mylonites and shear-sense indicators I | 12 | JP | |
26 | 16-Mar | wed | Fabrics, mylonites and shear-sense indicators II | 12 | 10 | JP |
27 | 18-Mar | fri | Folding and Foliations I | 10 | 10 | JP |
28 | 21-Mar | mon | Folding and Foliations II | 11 | JP | |
23-Mar | wed | Exam 2 (20% of final grade) | 11 | |||
29 | 25-Mar | fri | Earth structure and Plate tectonics I | 14,15 | 11 | JP |
30 | 28-Mar | mon | Earth structure and Plate tectonics II | 14,15 | JP | |
31 | 30-Mar | wed | Earth structure and Plate tectonics III | 14,15 | 12 | JP |
32 | 1-Apr | fri | Extensional Tectonics + Term paper due | 16 | 12 | vdP/JP |
33 | 4-Apr | mon | Convergence and Collision | 17 | vdP | |
34 | 6-Apr | wed | Convergence and Collision | 17, 18 | 13 | vdP |
35 | 8-Apr | fri | Strike-slip Tectonics | 19 | 13 | vdP |
36 | 11-Apr | mon | Western North America | 20, 22 | vdP | |
37 | 13-Apr | wed | Central North America | 22 | ExamW | vdP |
38 | 15-Apr | fri | Eastern North America | 22 | ExamF | vdP |
39 | 18-Apr | mon | Precambrian North America | 22 | vdP | |
25-Apr | Mon | Exam 3 (20% of final grade) |
Two modules that are very useful tools for self study. The source is learningGEOSCIENCE, with modules at: http://www.learninggeoscience.net/modules.php
Flash file of Deformation of rocks - structural geology
Author(s): Assoc. Prof. Kåre Kullerud
Producer(s): Frank Bjørklund & Rune Selbekk
Software required: Flash Player/Plugin
Estimated time to complete: 45 minutes
Abstract:
The module gives an introduction to structural geology. The first part gives a
description of brittle and ductile deformation structures. Further, the
formation of faults, folds and foliation is discussed. The module gives an
example on how the deformation structures of rocks can be used to deduce the
deformation history of the crust. The last part of the module gives a
description of how to measure the orientation of deformation structures at an
outcrop.
Flash file of Plate tectonics
Author(s): Assoc. Prof. Kåre Kullerud
Producer(s): Frank Bjørklund & Rune Selbekk
Software required: Flash Player/Plugin
Estimated time to complete: 45 minutes
Abstract:
The module gives an introduction to plate tectonics. Plate tectonics give a
description on how the lithosphere plates of the Earth are continously moving,
giving rise to earthquakes and volcanism around the world. The first part
addresses Alfred Wegener's continental drift hypothesis - the precursor of the
plate tectonic theory. Then we will follow the development on the field until
Wegener's ideas were acknowledged 50 years later, and the plate tectonics theory
was generally accepted. The second part addresses some of the geological
processes that are related to plate tectonics. The last part shows a plate
tectonic reconstruction - here you can follow the motion of the lithosphere
plaste thorough the last 440 million years.
The goal of each homework assignment is to apply the relevant class material. Completion will count toward the final grade.
Homework 1. Fold geometry and dip isogons. Complete problem 6.3 of the email/hand-out, which uses dip isogons to classify fold geometry. Due on 1/21/05.
Homework 2. Determine normal and shear stresses on planes (hand-out). Due on 2/2/05.
Homework 3. Strain analysis (hand-out). Due on 2/14/05
Past homework
(Questions using StressMohr
program (hand-out in class).
This program illustrates the use of stress calculations for two-dimensional
systems. The program consists of five displays. In each display you can vary the
physical situation and immediately see the effects in the graphical displays.
The first display illustrates the relation between forces and stresses acting on
a rectangular solid. In the second display, you explore the stress on a plane as
you vary the orientation of the plane and the state of stress in the system. We
illustrate the calculation of the stress on the plane in terms of a simple
matrix multiplication in the third display. You can also observe the simple
geometry of the envelope of the stresses that are produced as the angle of the
plane is varied. The fourth display shows the behavior of the normal and shear
components of the stress on the plane. When the normal component is plotted
along x and the shear component along y, the envelope will be a circle: called a
Mohr circle. This beautiful result lets you visualize the range of possible
stresses on the plane. Finally in the last display, you can explore the
conditions which lead to the fracture of a sample: you can vary the stresses
until the stresses are just strong enough to cause fracture by watching the
changes in size and location of the Mohr circle.
Click here to download the stressmohr.zip file that
contains the program and MSWord version of the manual. The manual is also
available online by clicking here.
To unzip your file, download WinZip or search for any
other "zip" program.)
Complete R&D's Questions 14-1 and 14-2 on strain analysis. (Note that the remainder of Chapter 14 is the strain lab for GS351 students)
You will need pencils, eraser and small
calculator for the labs.
We'll occasionally use some software that you will find at:
StressMohr: stressmohr.zip as zip file or
unzipped folder.
Stereonet:
http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/faculty/RWA/RWA.html
Make topographic profile: http://geopad.org/FAQ/Geology_Cross-Section_Exercise/geology_cross-section_exercise.htm
Post or submit a 6-10 page, illustrated and
referenced paper on a topic in structural geology (not regional tectonics).
For webposting, use your personal personal web space for the paper and email
link to Ben (vdpluijm@umich.edu);
otherwise hand-in a printed copy of the paper or attach as Word file (with
figures in the text) to an email. Topic selection
due on 2/9/05; the actual paper is due on 4/1/05 !
Some examples of suitable topics are:
dislocations in quartz fold shape quantification dynamic recrystallization rheology of olivine balanced cross-sections thrust belt geometry mechanics of normal faults fluids in rocks Mechanics of thrusting Normal faults Thrust belt geometries Disjunctive cleavage Mineral lineations Strike-lip faults Mineral Lineations Low-angle normal faults Faults and fluids |
Cataclastic flow Rheology of olivine Impact structures Dislocations in quartz Gold in veins Stick-slip behavior of faults Unconformities Fold classification Static recrystallization Dynamic recrystallization Slaty cleavage Salt deformation Gneiss Accretionary wedge structures Geophysical Imaging Pseudotachylytes Hydro-elastic stress failures Fold classification |
Grades
Log into UM's C-tools for grade info. | |
The GS351
final grade is based on: 60 points for three exams (1/3rd each); 25 points for graded lab assignments; 15 points for lab exam; 15 points for term paper; 5 points homework assignments (normalized to 100%) |
The GS451
final grade is based on: 75 points for three exams (1/3rd each); 25 points for term paper; 5 points homework assignments (normalized to 100%) |
Course Descriptions
GS351. Structural
Geology. G.S.117 or 119 or the equivalent; or permission of
instructor. (4). (Excl).(BS).
The description and analysis of geological structures in the Earth's crust and
an introduction to global tectonics. Three lectures and one laboratory session
weekly. The following topics are covered: the description of geological
structures; the kinematics and dynamics of folding and faulting; stress, strain,
deformation and rheology; introduction to dislocation theory; micro-structural
analysis; principles of plate tectonics; selected orogenic systems of the world.
This is a core course for concentrators, but is open to all who want to have a
basic knowledge of geology. Evaluation is based on graded lab assignments, a lab
test, and three exams.
Cost:2 WL:4 (van der Pluijm)
GS451. Introductory
Earth Structure. Permission of Instructor. (3).
This course offers description and interpretation of geological structures in
the Earth’s crust and an introduction to global plate tectonics. Topics covered
are: mechanics, stress, strain and deformation; hand-specimen and field
description of geological structures; the kinematics and dynamics of folding and
faulting; flow of rocks (rheology); introduction to dislocation theory;
microstructural analysis; principles of plate tectonics; tectonic evolution of
selected regions. The course is aimed at those with an interest in geology
beyond the introductory level, as well as students who want a basic
understanding of the outer Earth’s physical properties. Geology and oceanography
concentrators should not enroll in GS451, but elect GS351. Geology graduate
students may take this course for credit by permission only. The class meets for
three weekly lectures, together with GS351; however, laboratory sessions are not
included. Grading is based on three exams.
Cost:1 WL:4 (van der Pluijm).
Instructional Supplements (links to
EarthStructure)
Geological Sciences at the
University of Michigan
Tectonophysics
at the University of Michigan
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